A Brief Review on Medicinal Plants-At-Arms against COVID-19.

COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 has impacted human livelihood globally. Strenuous efforts have been employed for its control and prevention; however, with recent reports on mutated strains with much higher infectivity, transmissibility, and ability to evade immunity developed from previous SARS-CoV-2 infections, prevention alternatives must be prepared beforehand in case. We have perused over 128 recent works (found on Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect as of February 2023) on medicinal plants and their compounds for anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity and eventually reviewed 102 of them. The clinical application and the curative effect were reported high in China and in India. Accordingly, this review highlights the unprecedented opportunities offered by medicinal plants and their compounds, candidates as the therapeutic agent, against COVID-19 by acting as viral protein inhibitors and immunomodulator in (32 clinical trials and hundreds of in silico experiments) conjecture with modern science. Moreover, the associated foreseeable challenges for their viral outbreak management were discussed in comparison to synthetic drugs.

Artificial intelligence and real-world data for drug and food safety - A regulatory science perspective.

In 2013, the Global Coalition for Regulatory Science Research (GCRSR) was established with members from over ten countries (www.gcrsr.net). One of the main objectives of GCRSR is to facilitate communication among global regulators on the rise of new technologies with regulatory applications through the annual conference Global Summit on Regulatory Science (GSRS). The 11th annual GSRS conference (GSRS21) focused on "Regulatory Sciences for Food/Drug Safety with Real-World Data (RWD) and Artificial Intelligence (AI)." The conference discussed current advancements in both AI and RWD approaches with a specific emphasis on how they impact regulatory sciences and how regulatory agencies across the globe are pursuing the adaptation and oversight of these technologies. There were presentations from Brazil, Canada, India, Italy, Japan, Germany, Switzerland, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States. These presentations highlighted how various agencies are moving forward with these technologies by either improving the agencies' operation and/or preparing regulatory mechanisms to approve the products containing these innovations. To increase the content and discussion, the GSRS21 hosted two debate sessions on the question of "Is Regulatory Science Ready for AI?" and a workshop to showcase the analytical data tools that global regulatory agencies have been using and/or plan to apply to regulatory science. Several key topics were highlighted and discussed during the conference, such as the capabilities of AI and RWD to assist regulatory science policies for drug and food safety, the readiness of AI and data science to provide solutions for regulatory science. Discussions highlighted the need for a constant effort to evaluate emerging technologies for fit-for-purpose regulatory applications. The annual GSRS conferences offer a unique platform to facilitate discussion and collaboration across regulatory agencies, modernizing regulatory approaches, and harmonizing efforts.

Influence of light intensity and photoperiod on the pigment and, lipid production of Dunaliella tertiolecta and Nannochloropsis oculata under three different culture medium.

Microalgal biomass has the ability to store huge amount of triacylglycerides as fatty ester methyl esters (FAME) and carotenoids which has made algae as potential candidate for biorefinery approach. Essential fatty acid such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidonic acid and eicospentanoic acid have been produced which are known for their various applications. The present study was aimed to evaluate the influence of different light intensities (120 and 250 µE/m2/s) and photoperiod (16:8h and 13:11h light/dark cycle) on the production of lipid, biomass and lutein. Dunaliella tertiolecta and Nannochloropsis oculata was grown for 23 days in F/2, sea salt media (SSM, Distilled water (DW) and SSM (natural seawater media,NSW) under two different light intensities and photoperiod regimes at 25 ᵒC. SSM (NSW) showed maximum accumulation of lipid in D.tertiolecta (34.56 mg/L/d). SSM (DW)- biomass showed 1.5 times higher lutein productivity of 0.253 mg/L/d under 13:11h light/dark cycle at 250 µE/m2/s compared to same medium under 16:8h light/dark cycles at 120 µE/m2/s. Where as in N.oculata, F/2 biomass showed higher lipid and lutein productivity of 15.69 and 0.279 mg/L/d, respectively The laboratory scale cultivation parameters and related media cost showed the suitability of different culture media adaptation to large scale production.

A Substantial Role of Agro-Textiles in Agricultural Applications.

Agro-textiles have been used in the agriculture sector for thousands of years and are an attractive tool for the protection of crops during their entire lifecycle. Currently, the agro-textile market is dominated by polyolefins or petrochemical-based agro-textiles. However, climate change and an increase in greenhouse gas emissions have raised concern about the future oil-based economy, and petroleum-based agro-textiles have become expensive and less desirable in the modern world. Other products include agro-textiles based on natural fibers which degrade so fast in the environment that their recovery from the field becomes difficult and unattractive even by efficient recycling or combustion, and their lifetime is usually limited to 1 or a maximum of 2 years. Hence, the development of bio-based agro-textiles with a reduced impact on the environment and with extended durability is foreseen to initiate the growth in the bio-based economy. The world is gradually preparing the shift toward a bio-based economy, and research for sustainable bio-based alternatives has already been initiated. This review provides insight into the various agro-textiles used currently in agriculture and the research going on in the area of agro-textiles to offer alternative solutions to the current agro-textile market.

Recreating in vitro tripartite mycorrhizal associations through functional bacterial biofilms.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and beneficial bacteria are found naturally associated with most terrestrial plant roots. While it is now well known that bacteria colonize AMF and can form aggregates and biofilms, little is known about how interactions between bacterial communities and AMF take place under both in situ and in vitro conditions. We investigated the impact of inoculation with AMF-associated bacteria (AABs) of AMF by in vitro recreation of the interaction on synthetic growth media in a two-compartment Petri plate system. The inoculated AABs were found to be associated with the mycorrhizal co-culture and were found to migrate along growing AMF hyphae and to be associated with the spore surface. AABs differentially influenced the growth of the AMF and their functional capability demonstrated by analysis of phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, and biofilm formation. We have thus characterized these important interactions adding to a further understanding of the synergistic relationship between the two cross-kingdom microbial partners. KEY POINTS: • An in vitro assay was utilized to recreate functional biofilms with AMF-associated bacteria. • AMF-associated bacteria formed a biofilm and enhanced sporulation of Rhizophagus irregularis. • AMF-bacterial interactions through biofilm formation influence the functional capability of both partners.

Role of proteins in the biosynthesis and functioning of metallic nanoparticles.

Proteins are known to play important roles in the biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles (NPs), which are biological substitutes for conventionally used chemical capping and stabilizing agents. When a pristine nanoparticle comes in contact with a biological media or system, a bimolecular layer is formed on the surface of the nanoparticle and is primarily composed of proteins. The role of proteins in the biosynthesis and further uptake, translocation, and bio-recognition of nanoparticles is documented in the literature. But, a complete understanding has not been achieved concerning the mechanism for protein-mediated nanoparticle biosynthesis and the role proteins play in the interaction and recognition of nanoparticles, aiding its uptake and assimilation into the biological system. This review critically evaluates the knowledge and gaps in the protein-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles. In particular, we review the role of proteins in multiple facets of metallic nanoparticle biosynthesis, the interaction of proteins with metallic nanoparticles for recognition and interaction with cells, and the toxic potential of protein-nanoparticle complexes when presented to the cell.

Unveiling the dermatological potential of marine fungal species components: Antioxidant and inhibitory capacities over tyrosinase.

Marine fungi are a rich source of biologically active molecules, but a poorly explored bioresource for cosmeceutical products. This study evaluates the phytochemistry, antioxidant, and antityrosinase effects of the organic extracts of marine fungi isolated from various marine environments in India. Out of 35 screened fungal strains, methanol extracts of strains P2, Talaromyces stipitatus, and D4, Aspergillus terreus exhibited antityrosinase activity of 45% and 43%, respectively, at the lowest concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. The highest free radicals scavenging activity of 94% and 97% was observed at 500 mg/mL, respectively, of the same fungal extracts. The total phenolic content ranged from 8.20 to 20.30 mg/g of the dry weight of extract, expressed as gallic acid equivalent. GC-MS analysis of T. stipitatus and A. terreus extract identified seven and 10 major compounds, respectively. Some of the major compounds included azetidine, (3E)-3-[(3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)hydrazono]-N-isobutyl butanamide, aziridine, and 3-methylcyclopentanone, 1,1-dimethylcyclohexane, cyclopentane carboxylic acid, N-allyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2-benzothiophene-1-carboxamide, cyclo(l-Pro-l-Val), and 3-phenylpropionitrile. In conclusion, this study showed abundant fungal resources in Indian marine environments. A correlation between total phenolic contents of the extracts confirmed that phenolic compounds play an important role in antioxidant as well as antityrosinase activity of the marine fungal extracts and can be viewed as new potential antityrosinase and antioxidant resources.

Diversity and Functionalities of Unknown Mycorrhizal Fungal Microbiota.

Beneficial ecosystem services provided by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the outcome of their synergistic actions with diverse bacterial communities (AMF-associated bacteria; AAB) living in strict association with AMF hyphae and spores. Herein, bacterial diversity associated with 6 AMF species from 33 different co-cultures belonging to order Glomerales and Diversisporales were identified, using a combination of culture-dependent functional analyses and amplicon sequencing. Overall, 231 bacterial strains were isolated from the AMF spores and hyphae which covered 30 bacterial genera and 52 species. Hierarchical clustering based on plant growth promoting traits identified 9 clades comprising diverse bacterial genera with clades 7, 8 and 9 representing the most functionally rich AAB. High-throughput amplicon sequencing across a small subset of 8 AMF co-cultures spread across 3 AMF genera identified Operational Taxonomic Units belonging to 118 bacterial genera. The study revealed a greater diversity of AAB from spores of in vitro transformed AMF root co-cultures rather than in situ, pot AMF cultures. Functionally active, culturable AABs with multiple plant growth promoting traits such as phosphate solubilisation, nitrogen fixation, biofilm formation, enzyme and plant growth regulator production along with biocontrol activity were identified. These properties could be utilized individually and/or as consortia with AMF, as biological growth enhancers.

Enhanced catalysis through structurally modified hybrid 2-D boron nitride nanosheets comprising of complexed 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone motif.

Tuning the structural architecture of the pristine two dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheets through rational surface engineering have proven advantageous in the fabrication of competent catalytic materials. Inspired by the performance of h-BN based nanomaterials in expediting key organic transformations, we channelized our research efforts towards engineering the inherent surface properties of the exclusively stacked h-BN nanosheets through the incorporation of a novel competent copper complex of a bidentate chelating ligand 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP). Delightfully, this hybrid nanomaterial worked exceptionally well in boosting the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of azide and nitriles, providing a facile access to a diverse variety of highly bioactive tetrazole motifs. A deep insight into the morphology of the covalently crafted h-BN signified the structural integrity of the exfoliated h-BN@OH nanosheets that exhibited lamellar like structures possessing smooth edges and flat surface. This interesting morphology could also be envisioned to augment the catalysis by allowing the desired surface area for the reactants and thus tailoring their activity. The work paves the way towards rational design of h-BN based nanomaterials and adjusting their catalytic potential by the use of suitable complexes for promoting sustainable catalysis, especially in view of the fact that till date only a very few h-BN nanosheets based catalysts have been devised.

Adaptive Reprogramming During Early Seed Germination Requires Temporarily Enhanced Fermentation-A Critical Role for Alternative Oxidase Regulation That Concerns Also Microbiota Effectiveness.

Plants respond to environmental cues via adaptive cell reprogramming that can affect whole plant and ecosystem functionality. Microbiota constitutes part of the inner and outer environment of the plant. This Umwelt underlies steady dynamics, due to complex local and global biotic and abiotic changes. Hence, adaptive plant holobiont responses are crucial for continuous metabolic adjustment at the systems level. Plants require oxygen-dependent respiration for energy-dependent adaptive morphology, such as germination, root and shoot growth, and formation of adventitious, clonal, and reproductive organs, fruits, and seeds. Fermentative paths can help in acclimation and, to our view, the role of alternative oxidase (AOX) in coordinating complex metabolic and physiological adjustments is underestimated. Cellular levels of sucrose are an important sensor of environmental stress. We explored the role of exogenous sucrose and its interplay with AOX during early seed germination. We found that sucrose-dependent initiation of fermentation during the first 12 h after imbibition (HAI) was beneficial to germination. However, parallel upregulated AOX expression was essential to control negative effects by prolonged sucrose treatment. Early downregulated AOX activity until 12 HAI improved germination efficiency in the absence of sucrose but suppressed early germination in its presence. The results also suggest that seeds inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can buffer sucrose stress during germination to restore normal respiration more efficiently. Following this approach, we propose a simple method to identify organic seeds and low-cost on-farm perspectives for early identifying disease tolerance, predicting plant holobiont behavior, and improving germination. Furthermore, the research strengthens the view that AOX can serve as a powerful functional marker source for seed hologenomes.

From Plant Survival Under Severe Stress to Anti-Viral Human Defense - A Perspective That Calls for Common Efforts.

Reprogramming of primary virus-infected cells is the critical step that turns viral attacks harmful to humans by initiating super-spreading at cell, organism and population levels. To develop early anti-viral therapies and proactive administration, it is important to understand the very first steps of this process. Plant somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the earliest and most studied model for de novo programming upon severe stress that, in contrast to virus attacks, promotes individual cell and organism survival. We argued that transcript level profiles of target genes established from in vitro SE induction as reference compared to virus-induced profiles can identify differential virus traits that link to harmful reprogramming. To validate this hypothesis, we selected a standard set of genes named 'ReprogVirus'. This approach was recently applied and published. It resulted in identifying 'CoV-MAC-TED', a complex trait that is promising to support combating SARS-CoV-2-induced cell reprogramming in primary infected nose and mouth cells. In this perspective, we aim to explain the rationale of our scientific approach. We are highlighting relevant background knowledge on SE, emphasize the role of alternative oxidase in plant reprogramming and resilience as a learning tool for designing human virus-defense strategies and, present the list of selected genes. As an outlook, we announce wider data collection in a 'ReprogVirus Platform' to support anti-viral strategy design through common efforts.

Important innate differences in determining symbiotic responsiveness in host and non-hosts of arbuscular mycorrhiza.

Genetic components that regulate arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) interactions in hosts and non-hosts are not completely known. Comparative transcriptomic analysis was combined with phylogenetic studies to identify the factors that distinguish AM host from non-host. Mycorrhized host, non-mycorrhized host and non-host cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were subjected to RNA seq analysis. The top 10 differentially expressed genes were subjected to extensive in silico phylogenetic analysis along with 10 more candidate genes that have been previously reported for AM-plant interactions. Seven distantly related hosts and four non-hosts were selected to identify structural differences in selected gene/protein candidates. The screened genes/proteins were subjected to MEME, CODEML and DIVERGE analysis to identify evolutionary patterns that differentiate hosts from non-hosts. Based on the results, candidate genes were categorized as highly influenced (SYMRK and CCaMK), moderately influenced and minimally influenced by evolutionary constraints. We propose that the amino acid and nucleotide changes specific to non-hosts are likely to correspond to aberrations in functionality towards AM symbiosis. This study paves way for future research aimed at understanding innate differences in genetic make-up of AM hosts and non-hosts, in addition to the theory of gene losses from the "AM-symbiotic toolkit".

ROS/RNS Balancing, Aerobic Fermentation Regulation and Cell Cycle Control - a Complex Early Trait ('CoV-MAC-TED') for Combating SARS-CoV-2-Induced Cell Reprogramming.

In a perspective entitled 'From plant survival under severe stress to anti-viral human defense' we raised and justified the hypothesis that transcript level profiles of justified target genes established from in vitro somatic embryogenesis (SE) induction in plants as a reference compared to virus-induced profiles can identify differential virus signatures that link to harmful reprogramming. A standard profile of selected genes named 'ReprogVirus' was proposed for in vitro-scanning of early virus-induced reprogramming in critical primary infected cells/tissues as target trait. For data collection, the 'ReprogVirus platform' was initiated. This initiative aims to identify in a common effort across scientific boundaries critical virus footprints from diverse virus origins and variants as a basis for anti-viral strategy design. This approach is open for validation and extension. In the present study, we initiated validation by experimental transcriptome data available in public domain combined with advancing plant wet lab research. We compared plant-adapted transcriptomes according to 'RegroVirus' complemented by alternative oxidase (AOX) genes during de novo programming under SE-inducing conditions with in vitro corona virus-induced transcriptome profiles. This approach enabled identifying a major complex trait for early de novo programming during SARS-CoV-2 infection, called 'CoV-MAC-TED'. It consists of unbalanced ROS/RNS levels, which are connected to increased aerobic fermentation that links to alpha-tubulin-based cell restructuration and progression of cell cycle. We conclude that anti-viral/anti-SARS-CoV-2 strategies need to rigorously target 'CoV-MAC-TED' in primary infected nose and mouth cells through prophylactic and very early therapeutic strategies. We also discuss potential strategies in the view of the beneficial role of AOX for resilient behavior in plants. Furthermore, following the general observation that ROS/RNS equilibration/redox homeostasis is of utmost importance at the very beginning of viral infection, we highlight that 'de-stressing' disease and social handling should be seen as essential part of anti-viral/anti-SARS-CoV-2 strategies.

Triple-Smart Eco-Friendly Chili Anthracnose Control Agro-Nanocarrier.

Pesticide leaching and soil contamination are major issues in the present agriculture formulations. Hence, here 2D graphene oxide in combination with cationic, anionic, or nonionic polymers were tested for runoff resistance and targeted release behavior. Cationic polymer supplemented the binding of rGO on leaf surface by 30% more than control and reduced off-target leaching in soil by 45% more than control. Further, to enhance the fruit rot control caused by Colletotrichum capsici in chili crop, the rGO was decorated with Cu2-xSe nanocrystals, which provided combined disease control with captan. The chitosan coating in the nanocomposite added targeted pH-responsive fungal inhibition behavior and could reduce the C. capsici growth by ∼1/2 times compared to captan control.

Review of patents for agricultural use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

Mycorrhizal biotechnology has emerged as a major component of sustainable agriculture and allied activities. Innovations related to its role in agriculture, land reclamation, forestry, and landscaping are well recognized. This review presents the evolution of innovations worldwide related to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the past two decades, from 2000 to April 2020, and maintains that such innovations must continue in the future. An analysis of 696 patents showed that AMF have been used consistently as a biofertilizer and bioremediator over that period, although an upsurge was noted in propagation technologies, next-generation production methods, and formulation technologies. This review will familiarize mycorrhizologists with novel and evolving trends and will convince them of the importance of applying for patents to safeguard their innovations and the use of those innovations by industry.

Harnessing the Untapped Catalytic Potential of a CoFe2O4/Mn-BDC Hybrid MOF Composite for Obtaining a Multitude of 1,4-Disubstituted 1,2,3-Triazole Scaffolds.

Metal-organic frameworks derived nanostructures with extraordinary variability, and many unprecedented properties have recently emerged as promising catalytic materials to address the challenges in the field of modern organic synthesis. In this contribution, the present work reports the fabrication of an intricately designed magnetic MOF composite based on Mn-BDC (manganese benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate/manganese terephthalate) microflakes via a facile and benign in situ solvothermal approach. Structural information about the as-synthesized hybrid composite has been obtained with characterization techniques such as TEM, SEM, XRD, FT-IR, AAS, EDX, ED-XRF, and VSM analysis. Upon investigation of catalytic performance, the resulting material unveils remarkable efficacy toward facile access of a diverse array of pharmaceutically active 1,2,3-triazoles from a multicomponent coupling reaction of terminal alkynes, sodium azide, and alkyl or aryl halides as coupling partners. In addition to a wide substrate scope, the catalyst with highly accessible active sites also possesses a stable catalytic metal center along with superb magnetic properties that facilitate rapid and efficient separation. The prominent feature that makes this protocol highly desirable is the ambient and greener reaction conditions in comparison to literature precedents reported to date. Further, a plausible mechanistic pathway is also proposed to rationalize the impressive potential of the developed catalytic system in the concerned reaction. We envision that findings from our study would not only provide new insights into the judicious design of advanced MOF based architectures but also pave the way toward greening of industrial manufacturing processes to tackle critical environmental and economic issues.

Polymer - Metal Nanocomplexes Based Delivery System: A Boon for Agriculture Revolution.

Metal nanoparticles are well known for their antimicrobial properties. The use of metalbased nanoparticles in the agricultural field has considerably increased globally by both direct and indirect means for the management of plant diseases. In this context, the development of controlled delivery systems for slow and sustained release of metal nanoparticles is crucial for prolonged antimicrobial activity. Polymers have emerged as a valuable carrier for controlled delivery of metal nanoparticles as agrochemicals because of their distinctive properties. The most significant benefits of encapsulating metal nanoparticles in a polymer matrix include the ability to function as a protector of metal nanoparticles and their controlled release with prolonged efficacy. This review focuses on loading strategies and releasing behavior of metal nanoparticles in the polymer matrix as antimicrobial agents for plant diseases. The Polymer-metal nanocomplexes (PMNs) comprise a biocompatible polymeric matrix and metal nanoparticles as active components of an antimicrobial agent, pesticides and plant growth regulators used to enhance the crop productivity.

Biochar for delivery of agri-inputs: Current status and future perspectives.

Biochar, a carbonaceous porous material produced from the pyrolysis of agricultural residues and solid wastes has been widely used as a soil amendment. Recent publications on biochar are primarily focussed with its application in climatic aspects, contaminant immobilization, soil amendment strategies, nutrient recovery, engineered material production and waste-water treatment. Numerous studies have reported the positive attribute of biochar's nutrient value that helps in improving plant growth and fertilizer use efficiency. The renewability, low-cost, high porosity, high surface area and customizable surface chemistry of biochar offers ample prospect in several engineering applications, some of which needs significant attention. This review aims at systematically assessing the uses of biochar as a potential carrier material for delivery of agrochemicals and microbes. The key parameters of biochar that are crucial to assess the potential of any material to be used for delivery purposes are discussed. The parameters such as the physicochemical properties of biochar, the mechanistic aspects of adsorption and release of agrochemicals and microbes from biochar, comparative assessment of biochar over other carrier materials, long-term effects of biochar and the economic and environmental benefits of biochar are discussed in detail. At the end, a brief perspective has also been laid out to discuss how nano-interventions could further be helpful to tailor biochar properties useful for delivery applications.

Chromium tolerance and accumulation in Aspergillus flavus isolated from tannery effluent.

Cr(VI) tolerance in Aspergillus flavus, strain SFL, isolated from tannery effluent was measured and compared with a reference strain of A. flavus, A1120. On solid medium, SFL had a high level of Cr(VI) tolerance (1,600 mg/L), which was 16 times that of A1120 and greater than most previously analyzed fungal strains. When in 100 mg/L of Cr(VI), SFL completely depleted Cr(VI) within 72 h while A1120 depleted 85% of Cr(VI). SFL was more effective in reducing extracellular Cr(VI) than A1120. While A1120 showed greater biosorption of Cr(VI) than SFL, intracellular accumulation was approximately 50% greater in SFL and was more energy-dependent than A1120. Cr(VI) modified the external surface of the hyphae. Cr speciation detected the presence of only Cr(III), corresponding to Cr(OH)3 , which precipitated on the hyphal surface. Cr(VI) bound to the functional groups carboxyl, amine, and hydroxyl in both SFL and A1120. Transmission electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray detected Cr on the fungal wall and within membrane-bound organelles of the cytoplasm. In conclusion, the greater tolerance of SFL to Cr(VI) relative to A1120 is due to more effective energy-dependant uptake of Cr(VI) into the cell and increased capacity of SFL to store Cr in intracellular vacuoles compared with A1120.

Silica-Coated Magnetic-Nanoparticle-Supported DABCO-Derived Acidic Ionic Liquid for the Efficient Synthesis of Bioactive 3,3-Di(indolyl)indolin-2-ones.

In this work, biologically significant 3,3-di(indolyl)indolin-2-ones have been synthesized using a silica-coated magnetic-nanoparticle-supported 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO)-derived and acid-functionalized ionic liquid as the catalytic entity. The fabricated nanocomposite catalyzes the pseudo-three-component reaction of isatins and indoles explicitly via hydrogen-bonding interactions between substrates and the catalyst. The nanocatalytic system utilizes water as the green reaction medium to obtain a library of indolinones in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Besides, the catalyst could be easily recovered from the reaction mixture through simple external magnetic forces, which enables excellent recyclability of the catalyst for successive runs without appreciable loss in catalytic activity. Hence, the outcomes of the present methodology make the nanocatalyst a potential candidate for the development of green and sustainable chemical processes.